About This Site

Introduction

This page should be called "Always late to the party" - brisray.com was first published on June 5, 1999 and even then was a little behind in terms of design and technology. Time moves on and so does the thinking on best practices for website design and technology. I am solely responsible for the design of the site, the technology it uses and even the server it runs on. If you don't keep up, you don't just stay where you are, you fall behind, and every 5 years or so I take a look around and see what can be done to improve the site and the visitor's experience on it.

I first started using the internet in 1998 using a dial-up modem and at the time there were just 3 million websites. Almost straightaway I was chatting online in one of the Usenet newsgroups, alt.support divorce, to an American named Patty. She wanted to see photos of my home city, Bristol, UK, and I thought about creating a website about the place. After a while I decided "I can do that" and went out and purchased a copy of the Teach Yourself book, HTML Publishing on the World Wide Web by Mac Bride. The book had great reviews but according to some who presumably knew better than I did, it was biased towards Netscape rather than Internet Explorer. Anyone remember Netscape's Blink element or Internet Explorer's Marquee?

Tech Yourself HTML

By the way, I eventually moved to the United States and Patty and I were married on November 10, 2001.


The Site

The site has always been about anything I find interesting enough to write a little bit about. The first pages I wrote were about optical illusions, dad's time in the Royal Navy, and my home city of Bristol, UK. It's grown a lot since 1999 and is still being added to. I doubt it will ever be completely finished.

The site has had several design changes over the years since 1999. The background the pages were designed with was a background from Microsoft Office 97 Professional and that was gotten rid of during the first redesign. It was too difficult to read the text on top of the multi-colored background. The first redesign also finally separated the HTML from the styling as well. The next redesigns were more concerned with the menus more than anything else. The site was getting very big and finding your way around it was getting difficult. The last redesign, started in December 2019, was to make the fully responsive. Oddly enough the first design scaled well on smart phones, which were not in widespread use until 2010 - a decade after the site was first made. The 2010 and 2014 designs didn't do so well mostly because of the left-hand side menus.

1999 design

The original 1999 website design

2010 design

The 2010 website design

2014 design

The 2014 website design

2020 design notes

The 2020 website design notes

2020 design

The 2020 website design


Accessibility

This site is mostly text and most pages do not have too many accessibility issues. In August 2023, I decided to attend to the issues the site still has. I wanted to keep the look and feel of the site more or less as it is, but to make the pages more accessible. As with the other updates to the site, this will take place on a page by page basis as they are updated or created. I have written an accessibility page to give details of some of the accessibility issues the site has and how I mitigated them. Starting in November 2023, I started using more semantic markup on the pages, but there's more that can be done.


Hosting

This site was first written in May 1999 and first uploaded on June 5, to Freeserve, which itself only became available in 1998.

The original site URL was manworthy.freeserve.co.uk. It was called that because at the time I was living in Manworthy Road, Brislington, Bristol. Shortly afterwards I uploaded it to members.tripod.co.uk/brisray (Internet Archive). Tripod had been around for a few years and was owned by Lycos. I also had my own domain name pointing to that, brisray.co.uk.

I regretted not re-registering brisray.co.uk. The domain had been used for all sorts of junk since I let it lapse in June 2003, but I managed to get it back almost exactly 20 years later in August 2023.

I used several free hosts over the years:

members.lycos.co.uk/brisray was on Lycos UK from January 2002 to 2009.
brisray.bravepages.com was on Bravepages from December 2002 to February 2006.
brisray.fateback.com was on Fateback from June 2003 to February 2006
brisray.0catch.com was on ZeroCatch from June 2003 to February 2006
brisray.150m.com was on 150M from August 2003 to February 2006
brisray.250free.com on 250Free from August 2003 to 2008
brisray.exactpages.com was on ExactPages from August 2003 to February 2006
brisray.o-f.com was on Online Free from August 2003 to February 2006

I took an active part in all the free hosts' forums and from September 2005 to August 2007 was part of 250Free's support team. I was also one of Yahoo's and Lycos UK's "superusers." When Lycos UK closed down in November 2008 I received a box from them containing a bunch of Lycos branded stuff including this Lycos mousemat:

Lycos mousemat

All the free hosts had one problem or another. Some would go down for days at a time, others would be pig slow, and the adverts and iframes on some would interfere with the site. What happened to all of them in the end was that the site outgrew the free space offered by the hosts, and so sections of the site were split between all of them. In June 2003, I created the "Server in the Cellar." That ran alongside the free hosts until February 2006 when I closed all the free hosted sites and just kept my own server running.


Hardware

1999

In 1999, I was using a PC with a Cyrix 486 DX2 100 processor and 16Mb of RAM. Images were scanned using a Mustek 12000SP scanner. The computer was upgraded in September 1999 to an AMD K6 II 450 processor and 64Mb of RAM. In November 2000 this was upgraded to 128Mb.

2001

After moving to the US in September 2001, the computer has become an AMD 1.5GHz processor with 256Mb PC2400 DDR SDRAM memory on an Abit KG7 motherboard. The system also has a Diamond Monster Sound MX400 sound card, with cheap Labtec speakers as I don't need surround sound etc. A Leadtek WinFast GeForce MX video card driving an Envison EN-5100 15" LCD monitor. Pioneer DVD 116. Logitech keyboard and Microsoft IntelliEye optical mouse. Logitech QuickCam and best of all a Verizon DSL connection. I'm using a HP Deskjet 812C printer attached to Patty's Mac for printing also a Microtek Scanmaker X6 on the Mac for scanning.

2002

I finally got fed up of transferring files backwards and forwards to the Mac, so in April 2002 went on another spending spree. Video capture is now done by a Belkin USB VideoBus II. Scanning is done using a Visioneer USB 8920 and printing is now done by a Lexmark Z45. As these are USB devices they are joined to the computer via a Micro mobile USB hub.

2003 Server in the Cellar

The original "Server in the Cellar" in June 2003
This was a MMX 200MHz machine with 30Gb drive running Windows 2000 Pro
It cost me $25 when Ivy Tech college were selling them off.

2004

In November 2004, the "Server in the Cellar" was upgraded to a Dell desktop with an AMD 1.4Ghz Athlon with 256Mb RAM and 40Gb hard drive. It originally ran Fedora. It had Fedora 11 installed on August 28, 2009 and Fedora 13 on August 28, 2010 running Apache 2.2. It later ran Fedora 15.

Server in the Cellar, 2009

The inside of the Server in the Cellar in 2009.
This machine had been running continuously, more or less unattended since November 2004
When this machine was finally taken out of service, several of the motherboard capacitors had started leaking, but it was still working.

In 2014, I have all sorts of computers but most of the editing for the site is still done on an older Toshiba Satellite P205-S6337 laptop. I use a Epson Artisan 810 all-in-one printer/scanner, which, of course, was discontinued a couple of weeks after I bought it. Any external video I need is captured using a Hauppauge HD PVR.

Server in the Cellar, January 16, 2016

The "Server in the Cellar" just before being replaced on January 16, 2016

2016

It's now January 2016 and nearly all the computers at home are now Intel i5's with 8Gb RAM and 1Tb hard drives running Windows 10. That also includes the web server, a Dell Inspiron 3847, this version of which went online on January 16, 2016, and uses Apache 2.4 that was installed with WAMPServer.

Server in the Cellar, January 16, 2016

The "Server in the Cellar." My nice new Dell Inspiron 3847 on January 16, 2016

2019

In December 2019, my day-to-day computer is a Dell Inspiron 15 5000 laptop with an Intel i5-6200U processor @ 2.4GHz, 8Gb of RAM and 1Tb drive with 64bit Windows 10. The "Server in the Cellar" is still the same Dell Inspiron 3847 desktop from 2016. That has an Intel i5-4460 @ 3.2GHz. In December 2019 it was upgraded from 8Gb to 16Gb RAM and the 1Tb hard drive replaced with a 1Tb SSD. This is the computer that ran WampServer, but when I did the hardware upgrade I also reinstalled windows 10 and installed Apache 2.4 from Apache Haus.

Server in the Cellar, December 26, 2019

The "Server in the Cellar," the Dell Inspiron 3847 during the RAM and SSD upgrade on December 26, 2019

I'm still using the Epson Artisan 810 all-in-one printer/scanner from 2014 which has turned into a real workhorse. The Hauppauge HD PVR died on me, so video capture is done using an Elgato Video Capture device or an AVerMedia SD PCIe Frame Grabber.

2023

The server is still the 2016 Dell Inspiron 3847. My daily laptop is now a Dell Latitude 5590 with an Intel i5-8350U CPU @ 1.70GHz with 16Gb of RAM which I got a year or so ago when the Dell Inspiron 15 5000 refused to turn on. The 2014 Epson Artisan 810 all-in-one printer/scanner is still doing well and so are the Elgato Video Capture device and AVerMedia SD PCIe Frame Grabber.

The only new piece of equipment is an Epson FastFoto FF-680W Wireless High-speed Photo Scanning System which I bought in October 2023 as I have lots of old photos I want to scan.


Software

Until I retired in August 2023, the university I worked at gave me access to the entire Adobe Creative Cloud. It is now November and they still haven't revoked the license. I suppose they will one day, but until then I mostly use Dreamweaver and Photoshop to create the pages.

The server is still running the free personal edition of Bitvise SSH Server which provides SFTP, SCP, FTPS and SSH connections into the server so I can transfer files from my laptop using WinSCP. Xenu Link Sleuth is still one of the best link checkers around.

FancyBox is a very nice lightbox for websites used for displaying images and video. I started off using the original Fancybox but switched to Fancybox 3 when that was created. Later versions require payment so I will probably start using something else should I ever need to change.

Starting in August 2023, I started installing some old-school log analyzers. My aim is to eventually remove the Google Analytics code from the pages.

I use Apache Haus Apache compiled for Windows. In February 2023, the site they were suspending development of the software for personal reasons. In November 2023, the site had disappeared altogether. When the server next needs upgrading it looks like I will be using one of the other Windows compiled versions. I am not sure about moving to NGiNX, I have been using Apache for a long time.

Older Software

In the past I've used all sorts of software, some of that is listed below:

Adobe Creative Suite CS5 - my own copy on CDs from 2010
Alchemy Mindworks GIF Construction Set (Free Edition) - some of the earlier GIF transparencies
Corel Draw 3 and Corel PhotoPaint 3 - Graphics processing
Filezilla - FTP Client
JASC Paint Shop Pro 3 - Graphics processing
Lemke Graphic Converter v3.6.2 - Mac graphics processing
Micrografx Picture Publisher v6 & v8 - Graphics processing
Microsoft FrontPage Express - HTML editing and layout
Microsoft FrontPage 2000 - HTML editing and layout
Microsoft GIF Animator - Producing GIF animations and transparencies
Microtek Scansuite v1.02 - Mac software for image scanning
Microsoft's SharePoint Designer 2007 for editing a layout
Microsoft Web Publisher - FTP, used to transfer files from my PC to the server
Netscape Communicator v 4.6 - used for testing these pages
PuTTY - to control the server from my living room
Smart FTP - used to transfer files from my PC to the server
Syncplify.me Server - an FTP, SFTP, FTPS server run on the web server. I used their free edition.


Websites that Provide Functionality

Domain Name Registrars

In July, 2024, I transferred the domain names I have registered with GoDaddy to DNSExit. I have been using GoDaddy since 1999, when I registered brisray.co.uk with them. I have no complaints at all about their service but I have been using DNSExit since 2011 to privide Dynamic DNS. I did this to consolidate the services and besides, DNSExit is also cheaper. GoDaddy charge $21 - $23 a year to renew ech domain while DNSExit charge less than $13.

The transfer process was started on July 17, 2024 and completed on July 26, 2024.

The Services

Bravenet - Provider of the SiteRing webring, guestbook and chat features.
DNSExit - Domain name registration, Dynamic DNS
Google Visualization API - Used for charts and tables
Google Webmaster Tools - It's almost inevitable that the site use things like Google Analytics, Google Site Search and other tools from Google.
ProBoards - Provider of the message board

Older Sites

GoDaddy - Domain registrar from 1999 to 2024 when I transferred them to DNSExit
Gostats - Free site statistics. These disappeared in 2018. The site is still up, but none of the stats are recorded.
Lycos Tripod - The people that hosted my site and provided the page counters.
PicoSearch - Free site specific search engine. These stopped the service in June 2014.


Site Updates

All the updates to the site can now be found on the Latest Updates page.


brisray.co.uk

I really did regret letting brisray.co.uk lapse. The Wayback Machine on the Internet Archive first indexed the site on October 18, 2000 and last indexed it as my domain on June 10, 2003.

After that it became just a series of parked sites with spammy links, but someone did something very half-heartedly with it in WordPress in 2014.

brisray.co.uk on October 18, 2000 to June 22, 2001 brisray.co.uk on September 23, 2001 to June 10, 2003 brisray.co.uk on June 20, 2003 to November 22, 2003 brisray.co.uk on March 20, 2004 to December 2, 2004 brisray.co.uk on February 9, 2005 to February 8, 2006 brisray.co.uk on May 22, 2006 to February 18, 2008brisray.co.uk on July 23, 2008 to July 9, 2012 brisray.co.uk on September 27, 2013 to May 16, 2014 brisray.co.uk on December 18, 2014. 'bristolman' created a WordPress site using the brisray.co.uk on November 19, 2014 but this is far as it got. By October 12, 2015 it was being redirected to WebMD for some reason. brisray.co.uk on November 13, 2015. This was the last time the site was indexed by the Internet Archive. brisray.co.uk on January 18, 2021. The domain name was registered by domain name reseller Bodis on January 16, 2021. brisray.co.uk on April 23, 2022. The domain name was registered by Stephen Hall on April 18, 2022 for one year. The IP address belongs to A100 Row Gmbh in Germany but is routed (ASN) through Amazon 02 and uses Dan nameservers. brisray.co.uk on March 26, 2023. The domain name was registered by Stephen Hall on April 18, 2022 for one year. The IP address and nameservers belongs to BODIS, a domain name reseller, in Tampa, Florida. Dan.com is still linked to on the web page. brisray.co.uk on August 11, 2023. That day I found brisray.co.uk was available and registered it for 10 years. It's now mine again and I need to configure it properly. I am so happy!

Internet Archive and live screenshots, 2000 - 2023

Early in 2020, I had a look at what was happening to the domain name and when it was next up for renewal. The whois tools said the domain expires on October 16, 2020. But that's not the date I could buy it. There's a 90 day renewal grace period on co.uk and related domains. That makes a renewal date of January 14, 2021. I looked to see if the domain name was available again all the way up to January 17, 2021. On January 18, 2021,and again on March 26, 2023, Whois at Domain Tools reported that the domain name had been registered by the domain name reseller Bodis LLC for one year. Oh well, there's always 2024!

It's April 23, 2022 and brisray.co.uk has new owners again. The domain name was registered by Stephen Hall on April 18, 2022 for one year. The IP address belongs to A100 Row Gmbh in Germany but is routed (ASN) through Amazon 02 and uses Dan nameservers. Oh well, there's always 2023 - maybe.

Even then, it may not available. What happens is that there are companies who buy up lapsed domain names hoping someone will buy them from them later, or another thing that happens is that the registrar keeps the domain name and auctions it off to the highest bidder.

So how much is brisray.co.uk worth? There are sites that try and estimate how much a domain name is worth. I tried several and most say "less than $100". Free Valuator was far more specific and said $ 3.39.

I won't be paying very much if I decide to actively chase the domain, which I'm not. A little bit old now, here's Mike Davidson's adventures in getting an old, retired domain name.

While researching this part of the page, I came across Sedo and they want $354 for brisray.co.uk. Just as there are companies snapping up expired domains there are others who try and get them for you, and others still that auction them off. Who knows, they might all even be the same people! Win, win, win except for the people who might actually want to use these obscure domain names.

Happy, Happy, Happy

I was updating this page on August 11, 2023 and out of curiosity checked in brisray.co.uk was available. I nearly fell off the sofa when I saw that it was. I immediately registered it for another 10 years. Now I need to decide whether to change the server configuration and DNS configuration to brisray.co.uk, allow masking of brisray.com to brisray.co.uk or maybe something else.


Old Stuff

The information below is wildly out of date and came from earlier versions of this page.

A lot of people have contributed content for the site and those are acknowledged on the various pages. Anything wrong with the site is my fault, (including any spelling mitsakes).

Images

Background JPG - copied from the backgrounds supplied with Microsoft Office 97 Professional. This was the original background to the site pages.

The images in Optical Illusions are from various sources, some have been drawn in Corel Draw 3. Most are GIFs, the main ones being saved at 100dpi and 3" and 100dpi and 1" for the thumbnails.

The images in the War Stories and my dads Navy Days section are from my collection of photographs. These were scanned at 300dpi, reduced to 100dpi and resized to 3" for the larger photos or 1" for the thumbnails. They were retouched in Micrografx Picture Publisher before being resaved as JPGs with 20% compression.

Banner GIFs - the first ones were produced in Corel PhotoPaint and then the transparencies added in Alchemy Mindworks GIF Construction Set. Later ones were produced in Micrografx Picture Publisher and the transparencies added using Microsoft GIF Animator. The newest pages in 2014 use CSS for styling text.

Sources and Inspirations

One of my favourite sources of general information is Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable published by Cassell. The Pears Cyclopaedias published by Pelham have also been used extensively.

HTML and the Web

Teach Yourself HTML - Mac Bride - Hodder and Stoughton

PC Plus and PC Pro magazines - Articles and features

JavaScript Goodies - J Burns & A Growney - Que

Optical Illusions

Thanks to an email from Peter Shearn, a fellow Bristolian, who reminded me of the cafe at the bottom St. Michael's Hill.

Thanks too to Patty Waltermire, Mark Griffiths, John Mitchelmore, Pat Boggs and Ken Slayton who sent me more material for these pages.

The Day the Universe Changed - J Burke - BBC

Eyewitness Art - Perspective - A Cole - Dorling Kindersley

Illusion in Art and Nature - R L Gregory & E H Gombrich - Duckworth

The Magic Mirror of M C Escher - Bruno Ernst - Tarquin

Optical Illusions - Bruno Ernst - Taschen

Optical Illusions and Other Puzzles - J Slocum & J Botermans - Books UK

Visual Allusions - N Wade - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Visual Magic - Dr. D Thomson - Breslich & Foss

You Won't Believe Your Eyes - National Geographic Society

Ryanbut - now gone, but it was the first optical illusions website that I found.

SOHO - another early site.

Palmyra - another early site.

War Stories

The Gang of Four (even though there were more than that) from 266 OP Bty and other friends.

QBasic

Mr. Robert Goddard for allowing me to use some of his programs on the site.

Dads Navy Days

There were two official photographers on board HMS Warrior, Kingsley Jones and Norman Ford. I should imagine that many of the photographs of Warrior on this site were taken by these two men. As the original photographs are not marked with the photographer I can't say for sure who took which photograph, but for the ones I do these are credited alongside the photographs.

I would like to thank the following people for contacting me about the site and providing me with some very useful information :-

Mr. Ignacio Amendolara - for sending me a photo of ARA Independencia

Mr. John Birch - for information and photographs about the collision with HMS Phoebe

Mr. Ken Booth

Mr. Don Cruikshank - for information on the collision with HMS Phoebe

Mr. Victor Pedro Driussi - for sending me a photo of ARA Independencia

Mr. Vic Flintham - for information on the planes carried by HMS Warrior

Mr. Geoff Flewitt - for information on the collision with HMS Phoebe

Mr. Albert Gauthier

Mr. John Hake

Mr. John Harris - for information on the collision with HMS Phoebe

Mr. Bill Hartland - writer of the HMS Gambia Association web site

Mr. Ray Holden

Mr. Les Jefferies - for the photograph taken just after the collision between Gambia and Phoebe

Mr. Des Johnson

Mr. David Killelay

Mr. Steven McAllister

Mr. Bernard Mouzer OBE RVM

Anita Neads

Mr. Jorge Nu?z Padin - for information and photographs of ARA Independencia

Mr. Tony Pearce

Mr. Will Porrio

Mr. Jerry Proc

Mr. Carlos Rufino - for information and photographs of ARA Independencia

Mr. Tom Spowart

Mr. Paul Stanley

This started off from dads collection of photos and documents but for background information I have also consulted the following people and sources :-

Aircraft Carriers - An Illustrated History - A. Preston

Bristol

This started off when some American friends asked me about where I came from. Having always enjoyed living in Bristol and being interested in local history I decided to write these pages. Most of the photos I have used come from my collection, but I have also consulted the following sources :-

Mr. Will Fancy of the Bristol Labour Movement History Group

Mr. Vic Flintham - for information on Vampire jets

Mr. Keith Hallett

Karen Payne

Katie Jones - for the photo of the Vampire jets

Mr. Nick Richards - who helped with information about Tom, St. Mary Redcliffe's church cat

Mr. Paul Stanley

Mr. Michael Synge

Mr. William Wood - for the photo of the Vampire jets

Various leaflets and publications from the city museums, tourist information offices and sites of interest. Our local paper - the Bristol Evening Post. These publications are from my own collection apart from those marked.

Adams's Chronicles of Bristol - This was written between 1623 and 1648 (Bristol Central Library)

Archive Photographs ~ Bedminster - A Bantock - Malago Society / Tempus

A Survey of Parish Boundary Markers and Stones for Eleven of the Ancient Bristol Parishes - Temple Local History Group

Bedminster Between the Wars - L. Vear - Redcliffe Press

Bristol - P. Macdonald - Petmac Publications

Bristol and its Adjoining Counties - C M MacInnes & W F Whittard - British Association for the Advancement of Science

Bristol as it was in the 1890's - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol as it was 1874 ~ 1866 - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol as it was 1914 ~ 1900 - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol as it was 1939 ~ 1914 - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol, England - H. G. Brown & P. J. Harris - Burleigh Press

Bristol ~ Historic and Flourishing - R. Bailey - Jarrold Colour Publications

Bristol in the 1850's - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol in the 1880's - R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol Observed - J. H. Bettey - Redcliffe Press

Bristol ~ Official Visitors Guide - City of Bristol / British Publishing Company

A Bristol Panorama - D. Street - Redcliffe Books

The Bristol Riots - Susan Thomas - Bristol Branch, The Historical Association

Bristol: Sea-Port City - M. Ballard - Constable Young Books

Bristol's Historic Inns - H. Eason - Redcliffe Press

Bristol's History (2 volumes) - C. Wells & R. Winstone - Reece Winstone

Bristol Suburban Walks - Bristol City Council & City Line

Cathedrals, Abbeys & Famous Churches of Bristol, Bath & Malmsebury - G. Home & E. Foord - J. M. Dent & Sons

The Clifton Guide - M. Pascoe - Redcliffe Press

Curious Bristol - R. Clinch - Bossiney Books

Domesday, A Search for the Roots of England - M. Wood - BBC Publications

Heroes and Hotheads - P. Macdonald - Petmac Publications

A Higher Form Of Killing - R. Harris & J. Paxman - Hill & Wang

Historic Towns ~ Bristol - E. A. Freeman & Rev. W. Hunt - Longmans, Green & Co.

History of Bristol's Suburbs - F. C. Jones & W. G. Chown - Reece Winstone

History of Railways in Britain - F Ferneyhough - Osprey

Home Town - J. Dodgson - Drive Publications / AA

In & Around Bristol - Unichrome Publications

Man the Builder, An Illustrated History of Engineering - J P M Pannell - Thames & Hudson Ltd

Memories of Bristol - Mail Marketing / True North Books

More Offbeat Bristol - J. Belsey - Redcliffe Press

Offbeat Bristol - J. Belsey - Redcliffe Press

The Oxford Popular History of Britain - Ed. K.O. Morgan - Parragon

Parish Church of St. Mary Redcliffe - Judges Limited

People in Camera - C Ford & A Porter - National Portrait Gallery / Granada Television

Phenomena, A Book of Wonders - J Michell & R J M Rickard - Thames & Hudson Ltd

A Popular Retreat - D. J. Eveleigh - City of Bristol Museum / Kingsmead Press

Redcliffe Caves Guide - Axbridge Caving Group

St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol - A Scott - White Line Press

Secret Underground Bristol - S. Watson - Bristol Junior Chamber

Set in a Silver Sea ~ A History of Britain and the British People - A Bryant - W Collins Sons & Co

A Shocking History of Bristol - D. Robinson - Abson Books

A Social History of England - A. Briggs - Weidenfeld & Nicolson

SS Great Britain - N Fogg - SS Great Britain Project

The Story of Bristol - B. Little & J. Sansom - Redcliffe Press

A Study in Democracy - E. Jackson - Co-Operative Wholesale Society

A Survey of Parish Boundary Markers and Stones for Eleven of the Ancient Bristol Parishes - Temple Local History Group (Bristol Central Reference Library)

A Taste of the West Country in Food and in Pictures - Theodora Fitzgibbon - Pan

Under the Black Flag - D. Cordingly - Harvest / Harcourt, Brace & Co

The Very Bloody History of Britain - J. Farman - Red Fox / Random House

West Country Place Names - C. Davey - Abson Books

http://www.bristol-city.gov.uk

The Bristol Evening Post

Riot - The 1831 Reform Riot

Riots - Up to the Bristol Bridge riot

Western Daily Press

Association of British Counties

The Counties of England

UK placenames *

Terre Haute

Mr. Steve Caldwell for information on Steve Martin

Country Magazine (Feb/March 1999 issue)

A Higher Form Of Killing - R. Harris & J. Paxman - Hill & Wang

Indiana Historical Society