Optical Illusions
Almost Real

These objects look as if they could exist in three-dimensional space, but take a closer look . . .

Hollow Brick

Hollow brick

Hollow Brick

Impossible Trident

Impossible rrident

Impossible Trident

The impossible trident is thought to have been created by D. H. Schuster, an American psychologist, who based it on an advertisement he saw in an aviation journal. It was first published in The American Journal of Psychology in 1964.

Garden Fork

Garden fork

Garden Fork

Devil's Magnet

Devil's Magnet

Devil's Magnet

3 or 4 shelves?

4 or 3 shelves?

3 or 4 shelves?
A figure by Oscar Reutersvärd

Tongue or Groove?

Tongue or groove?

Tongue or Groove?

Technical Drawing

Technical drawing?

Technical Drawing?

Ambihelical Hexnut

Ambihelical Hexnut

Ambihelical Hexnut

Impossible Triangle and the Devils Pitchforks

Impossible Triangle and the Devils Pitchforks

Belvedere Crate

Escher's Belvedere crate

This figure appears in Belvedere by M. C. Escher

Impossible Triangle

Impossible Triangle

The Impossible Triangle
A figure by the mathematician L. S. Penrose

Logs

Impossible Penetrations

It looks real enough, but look at the third log!
From Impossible Penetrations by Bruno Ernst ~ 1984

Penrose steps

The Penrose Steps

The Penrose Staircase
A figure by the mathematician L. S. Penrose
This was used as the basis for M. C. Escher's Ascending and Descending

Joinery

Impossible joinery

Impossible joinery

Tribar

Tribar

Tribar

Ring

Ring

Ring

Flat 8

Flat 8

Flat 8

Quadrature of the Wheel

Quadrature of the Wheel

Quadrature of the Wheel
See the pencil drawing by Sandro del Prete

Reutersvärd

Figures by Oscar Reutersvärd Figures by Oscar Reutersvärd

Figures by Oscar Reutersvärd

Impossible Corner

Impossible Corner

Impossible Corner

Stool

Stool

Impossible Figures
Zenon Kulpa ~ ink and paper ~ 1980

Images of Illusion

Images of Illusion

Images of Illusion
From a screen print by Shigeo Fukuda ~ 1984

The Impossible Two - Bar

Two-Bar

The Impossible Two - Bar
Bruno Ernst

Impossible Torus

Torus

Impossible Torus

Building an Impossible Arch

Building an impossible arch

Building an impossible arch

Four Bar

Four Bar

Four Bar

Layered Blocks

Layered Blocks

From Layered Blocks
Oscar Reutersvärd

Two Arrows

Two Arrows

From Two Arrows
Oscar Reutersvärd

Meander figure

Meander

Meander Figure

Elephant

How many legs?

How many legs does this elephant have ?

American cognitive scientist, Roger Newland Shepard (January 30, 1929 - May 30, 2022), first published this optical paradox in his 1990 book Mind Sights giving it the name "L'egs-istential Quandary."

Up or Down

Up or Down

Up or Down
This cartoon was drawn by Viuti with the title "Perspective - Men on Steps."
Viuti was, I believe, Argentinean and his real name was Roberto Lopez.

Folds

Folds

Folds
Has this piece of paper been folded or rolled?
© 1997, Gianni Sarcone, giannisarcone.com

Structural Constellations

Structural Constellations

"Structural Constellations" by Josef Albers - 1953 - 1958

This image was taken from "Optical Illusions and the Visual Arts" by Ronald G. Carraher and Jacqueline B. Thurston.
Reinhold Book Corporation, New York. 1966

Structural Constellations

Structural Constellations

"Structural Constellations" by Josef Albers - 1953 - 1958

This image was taken from "Optical Illusions and the Visual Arts" by Ronald G. Carraher and Jacqueline B. Thurston.
Reinhold Book Corporation, New York. 1966